在最近于麻省理工学院,举行的人工智能与社会论坛上，来自该研究所的专家讨论了技术创新对劳动力,、工作性质,公民话语,选举管理,和其他主题的潜在好处和危险。
At the recent AI and Society Forum at MIT, experts from across the Institute discussed the potential benefits and dangers of technological innovation on labor, the nature of work, civil discourse, election administration, and other topics.
该活动以个人研究报告和小组讨论, 以及探索生成人工智能在艺术中的应用为特色的音乐表演。
The event featured individual research presentations and panel discussions, as well as a musical performance exploring the use of generative artificial intelligence in the arts.
Rayo 表示，将麻省理工学院各个学科的学者聚集在一起是有意为之的，因为了解 AI的影响需要整个研究所各学科的专业知识。
Rayo said bringing scholars from across MIT together was intentional because understanding AI的 impact requires expertise from disciplines throughout the Institute.
“关注人工智能的社会后果并不背离麻省理工学院’的使命;，它’是确保我们的技术领导力产生最大影响的一种方式,” Rayo说。
“Paying attention to the societal consequences of AI is not a departure from MIT的 mission; it的 a way of ensuring that our technical leadership has maximum impact,” Rayo said.
Huttenlocher 补充说，计算和 AI的快速增长使得支持跨学科对话和研究变得至关重要。
Huttenlocher added that computing and AI的 rapid growth makes it critical to support interdisciplinary conversations and research.
“Understanding where AI excels and where it falls short is essential not only to unlocking its benefits, but also to avoiding critical errors, overreliance, and unintended consequences,” Huttenlocher said.
“当我思考技术如何与劳动力价值相互作用,时，我会考虑它如何改变专业知识的稀缺性,它是否使其更有价值，或者是否使其更像商品,”他说。
“When I think about how technology interacts with the value of labor, I think about it in terms of how it changes the scarcity of expertise, whether it makes it more valuable or whether it makes it more of a commodity,” he said.
奥托尔表示，重要的是自动化是否消除了日常支持任务或消除了专家任务。 He argued that AI will likely create new specialized work, requiring proactive policies around worker training, wage insurance, and broader capital ownership.
Autor said that what matters is whether automation removes routine supporting tasks or removes expert tasks. He argued that AI will likely create new specialized work, requiring proactive policies around worker training, wage insurance, and broader capital ownership.
, 之后举行了一场小组讨论，由麦肯锡 & Company, 合伙人 Rob Loughlin, 主持，来自麻省理工学院的专家讨论了工作正在如何变化以及它对社会意味着什么。
A panel discussion followed, moderated by Rob Loughlin, a partner at McKinsey & Company, featuring experts from MIT discussing how work is changing and what it means for society.
“I’d 喜欢将机器人想象成你的朋友和助手, 作为一个观察你并找出如何帮助你的人，作为一个你可以在高水平上任务的人,” 她说。
“I’d like to imagine the robot as your friend and assistant, as someone who watches you and figures out how to help you as someone you can task at a high level,” she said.
尽管如此, Rus 表示, 人类判断力在决策中仍然至关重要。
Still, Rus said, human judgment remains critical in decision-making.
“We could really think about co-work with the AI tools, but the role of the human as the decider, as the person with good judgment, as the person deciding the next step, whatever that is, remains super important,” she said.
科学, 技术, 和社会, 项目中的航空航天教授 David Mindell, 和工程与制造史迪布纳教授, 表示，多年来工作性质不断变化, 但“ 重要的是新工作。”
David Mindell, professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Dibner Professor of the History of Engineering and Manufacturing in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society, says the nature of work has constantly changed over the years, but “what matters is the new work.”
“We need to be supporting individuals, the economy, professions, to constantly be creating the new work,” he said. “It的 absolutely imperative that we give the tools to the young people and let them do what they find creative and show us what the new work is going to be.”
小组成员还讨论了维持安全标准, 的必要性，同时还探讨了提高效率的方法。明德尔以货运航班为例，由于飞行时间较长，需要六名飞行员。
Panelists also talked about the need to maintain safety standards, while also exploring ways to find efficiencies. Mindell used an example of cargo flights that require six pilots due to the length of the flight.
“我们不’不知道如何将这六个数字减少到五个,，更不用说两个,一个,或零。他说，解决这个问题背后有的很多资金,，但也有的还有一个非常丰富的系统，它已经发展到使这些系统安全,”。
“We don’t know how to take that six number down to five yet, much less two, one, or zero. There的 a lot of money behind solving that problem, but there的 also a very rich system that has evolved to make those systems safe,” he said.
Sendhil Mullainathan, 是彼得·德弗洛雷斯 (Peter de Florez) 教授，在麻省理工学院经济系、电气工程系和计算机科学系双重任命(EECS), 描述了 AI的实用性和增长愿景，可提高生产力,，但也警告, “I 认为的 非常值得将生产力提升与实际推动长期发展的事物区分开来增长。”
Sendhil Mullainathan, the Peter de Florez Professor with dual appointments in the MIT departments of Economics and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), described a vision of AI的 utility and growth that offers productivity improvements, but also cautioned, “I think it的 very much worth differentiating productivity gains from things that actually drive long-term growth.”
不管怎样, Mullainathan 说, 很明显，我们 正在进入一个人工智能 对劳动力的影响存在很大差异的时期。
Either way, Mullainathan said, it的 clear we’re entering a time of high variance with regard to AI的 impact on the workforce.
“如果你说, ‘组织将如何重组?’我不知道’。但是否会进行大量重组? 很难相信 不会进行大量重组。从某种意义上说,，如果我们知道我们’正在进入的是一个高方差的时期,，它本身就提供了令人难以置信的信息,”，他说。
“If you said, ‘exactly how will organizations restructure? I don’t know. But is there going to be a lot of restructuring? It的 hard to believe there isn’t going to be a lot of restructuring. And in some sense, if we know that what we’re entering is a period of high variance, that itself is incredibly informative,” he said.
当天’的第二场会议重点讨论了人工智能技术及其对民主的影响。
The day的 second session focused on AI technology and its impact on democracy.
“算法现在决定了我们生活中的很多事情,”她说。 “关于聊天机器人和选举信息,，如果我带两个人，他们与同一个聊天机器人交互…聊天机器人将如何响应?它将如何个性化向这些人提供的信息?”
“Algorithms decide a lot of things about our lives right now,” she said. “With regard to chatbots and election information, if I take two people and they interact with the same chatbot … how will the chatbot respond? How will it personalize the information it gives to these people?”
对 2024 年美国总统选举季 12 个主要模特的纵向研究发现，根据人口统计数据和政治倾向，他们的反应存在巨大差异。她的研究团队目前正在根据政治学专家的意见重新设计调查，对 2026 年美国中期选举, 进行新的审计。
A longitudinal study of 12 major models during the 2024 U.S. presidential election season found responses varied dramatically based on stated demographics and political leanings. Her research team is now working on a new audit of the 2026 U.S. midterm elections, using a redesigned survey with input from political science experts.
在由 Songyee Yoon, 创始人、Principal Venture Partners 管理合伙人以及麻省理工学院公司成员, 主持的小组讨论中，专家们对人工智能侵蚀民主规范和流程的潜力, 表示担忧，但也探讨了潜在的积极成果。
During a panel discussion moderated by Songyee Yoon, founder and managing partner at Principal Venture Partners and member of the MIT Corporation, experts raised concern about the potential for AI to erode democratic norms and processes, but also explored potential positive outcomes.
“并且有理由认为这很好，因为它更高效。更容易。但它失去了很多民主的程序性要素，这些程序性要素是我们聚集在一起并做出决策的仪式,”，她说。 “我认为’当我们开始考虑自动化时忘记这一点是错误的。”
“And there is a reason to think that this is nice because it is more efficient. It的 easier. But it loses a lot of these procedural elements of democracy that are the rituals of how we come together and make decisions,” she said. “And I think it的 a mistake to forget about that when we start thinking about automation.”
Charles Stewart III, the Kenan Sahin (1963) Distinguished Professor of Political Science and founding director of the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, said one challenge is that governmental structures do not evolve at the same rate as technology.
斯图尔特表示，他最担心的是人工智能有可能在选举期间和选举后导致混乱。
Stewart said his biggest concern is the potential for AI to lead to chaos during and after elections.
“If and when things go wrong, they can go really bad, and really wrong.如果选举受到质疑,，可能会导致暴力,” 斯图尔特说。
“If and when things go wrong, they can go really bad, and really wrong. If an election is called into question, that can lead to violence,” Stewart said.
“We 在低技术时代已经看到选举结果被操纵。 What worries me is what I’m going to observe this coming Election Day, and the Wednesday after, and if AI has helped to create irreversible disruptions to the election system,” he added.
“We’ve already seen in the low-tech eras election results being manipulated. What worries me is what I’m going to observe this coming Election Day, and the Wednesday after, and if AI has helped to create irreversible disruptions to the election system,” he added.
Lily Tsai, 福特政治学教授、麻省理工学院治理实验室主任兼创始人 (MIT GOV/LAB), 表示，, 人工智能在很多方面都违背了健康民主所必需的民主规范和承诺。
Lily Tsai, the Ford Professor of Political Science and director and founder of the MIT Governance Lab (MIT GOV/LAB), said in many ways, AI runs against the democratic norms and commitments necessary for a healthy democracy.
“It is really important not just in terms of design principles, but the commitments of designers to be familiar with the values and principles that characterize what democracy is based on: agency, political equality, mutual respect, inclusion, and autonomy,” Tsai said.
蔡还指出，她的研究表明，有些人更愿意与机器互动。她描述了她的团队设计的“苏格拉底式对话聊天机器人”，该机器人要求人们阐明其信仰和立场背后的想法。
Tsai also noted her research has shown some people are more comfortable interacting with machines. She described a “Socratic dialogue chatbot” her team designed that asks people to articulate the thinking behind their beliefs and positions.
“实际上,有趣的是,似乎在此过程中调整了他们的政策立场,” Tsai说。 “所以绝对有人工智能可以对民主产生积极影响的例子。但这实际上是关于使用正确的原则进行设计并严格评估它们。”
“And that actually, interestingly, seems to moderate their policy position in the process,” Tsai said. “So there are absolutely examples of ways in which AI can have positive impacts on democracy. But it really is about designing with the right principles and evaluating them rigorously.”