要了解有关 CNBC 首席财务官委员会, 的更多信息，请访问 cnbccouncils.com/cfo
To learn more about the CNBC CFO Council, visit cnbccouncils.com/cfo
中国电动汽车面临严重的关税,、严格的监管以及立法者和美国汽车行业,的强烈反对，但未来几年中国电动汽车在美国销售的可能性越来越大。
Chinese electric vehicles face crippling tariffs, stringent regulations and fierce opposition from lawmakers and the American auto industry, but there的 a growing possibility that Chinese EVs will be sold in the U.S. within the next few years.
中国有意并积极地扩大其电动汽车足迹，遍及欧洲,、英国,、亚洲和澳大利亚,，出口数百万辆设计精良的,高科技,和价格具有竞争力的汽车,，建设工厂并扩大供应链。现在, it的 将目光投向西方国家,，尤其是美国—，这是仅次于其自己的— 的世界第二大汽车市场，而美国已大大放弃了自己的电动汽车雄心。
China has deliberately and aggressively expanded its EV footprint throughout Europe, the U.K., Asia and Australia, exporting millions of well designed, high-tech, and competitively priced vehicles, building factories and widening supply chains. Now, it的 set its sights on Western nations, especially the U.S. — the world的 second-largest automotive market after its own — which has significantly retreated from its own EV ambitions.
这就是三巨头—通用汽车,福特和Stellantis面临的生存难题。虽然他们继续提供数量有限的电动汽车,，但他们'主要专注于生产和销售内燃机汽车,，而许多汽车专家一致认为电动汽车是全球汽车行业的未来，中国已做好控制市场的准备。
Therein lies an existential conundrum facing the Big Three — General Motors, Ford and Stellantis. While they continue to offer a limited number of EVs, they're primarily focused on producing and selling internal combustion engine vehicles, while many auto experts concur that EVs are the future of the global auto industry and that China is poised to control the market.
"美国AlixPartners 汽车和工业实践董事总经理 Stephen Dyer, 表示，公司已退出许多电动汽车活动,，因为他们'无法以廉价的方式,开发,对美国消费者有吸引力的价值主张,"。但如果电动汽车是未来,，他说, "如果你'不在游戏中，你就无法'具有竞争力。"
"U.S. companies have stepped back from a lot of their electric vehicle campaigns, because they haven't been able to develop, in an inexpensive way, a compelling value proposition for U.S. consumers," said Stephen Dyer, a managing director in the automotive and industrial practice at AlixPartners. But if EVs are the future, he said, "You can't be competitive if you're not in the game."
三巨头也不能固步自封。 "底特律汽车制造商完善了由汽油发动机驱动的传统汽车的制造业务," 专注于电动汽车和自动驾驶汽车的咨询公司 Dunne Insights, 的首席执行官 Michael Dunne, 表示。但当他们面临向电气化和自动化的巨大转变时, "他们'一直在努力实现转型。"
Nor can the Big Three rest on their laurels. "Detroit automakers perfected the business of manufacturing traditional vehicles powered by gasoline engines," said Michael Dunne, CEO of Dunne Insights, a consultancy that focuses on EVs and autonomous vehicles. But when they were confronted with the dramatic shift to electrification and autonomy, "they've struggled to make the transition."
与此同时, Dunne 表示, "中国有一个主导全球电动汽车市场, 的总体规划，包括汽车, 卡车及其动力电池。" 在世纪之交, 中国每年生产的汽车不到一百万辆, 他说, 但到 2010 年在市场规模和产量方面已超过美国。
In the meantime, Dunne said, "China has a master plan to dominate the global EV market, including cars, trucks and the batteries that power them." At the turn of the century, China produced fewer than a million cars a year, he said, but by 2010 had surpassed the U.S. in terms of market size and production.
虽然击败中国巨头的机会可能正在消失,，但从长远来看，保持相关性和竞争力的最可行的方法可能是加入他们。
While the opportunity to beat the Chinese juggernaut may be slipping away, in the long run the most viable way to remain relevant and competitive may be to join them.
因为将中国制造的电动汽车直接进口到美国似乎不太可能, 允许它们在美国制造正在成为一个现实的选择。 In January, President Donald Trump expressed support for letting China set up shop in the U.S. as long as they employed American workers.此言论引发广泛猜测，该问题将在最近与习近平的北京峰会上提出,，但目前尚未有报道提及。在陪同特朗普,的CEO随行人员中，唯一的汽车业高管是特斯拉'的埃隆·马斯克,，他的公司在中国,有业务，但远远落后于国内领先者比亚迪。
Because direct imports of Chinese-made EVs into the U.S. seems highly unlikely, allowing them to be manufactured here is becoming a realistic option. In January, President Donald Trump expressed support for letting China set up shop in the U.S. as long as they employed American workers. The remark led to wide speculation that the issue would be raised at the recent Beijing summit with Xi Jinping, yet there are no reports that it came up. Among the entourage of CEOs that accompanied Trump, the only auto executive was Tesla的 Elon Musk, whose company has a presence in China, though it is far behind domestic leader BYD.
中国仍然是全球最大的电动汽车制造和贸易中心,，分别占全球总量的近75%和40%。主要由国内汽车制造商, 中国的 根据国际能源署的数据，2025 年电动汽车产量将达到 1600 万辆，超出国内需求 20%,，推动中国电动汽车出口翻一番，达到超过 250 万辆的历史新高– 这是汽车出口增长的主要推动力。到 2025 年，, 电动车型占中国所有汽车出口, 的比例将超过 35%，而上一年这一比例约为 20%。
China remains the world的 largest hub for manufacturing and trade of electric cars, capturing nearly 75% and 40% of the respective global totals. Primarily led by domestic carmakers, China的 2025 production of 16 million electric cars outstripped domestic demand by 20%, according to the International Energy Agency, pushing Chinese electric car exports to double to a record high of more than 2.5 million – the primary driver of its growth in car exports. In 2025, electric models represented more than 35% of all Chinese car exports, up from about 20% the year before.
"他们在世界上唯一尚未渗透的市场是美国," Dunne 说。
"The only market in the world they have not yet penetrated is the United States," Dunne said.
无论如何，, 对美国制造的电动汽车 联网或自动系统中中国开发的软件和硬件的现有监管限制必须克服。另外, 参议员 Bernie Moreno (R-Ohio) 和 Elissa Slotkin (D-Mich.) 提出了一项永久禁止中国汽车制造商进入美国的参议院法案。
Regardless, existing regulatory restrictions on Chinese-developed software and hardware in American-built EVs connected or autonomous systems would have to be overcome. Plus, a Senate bill to permanently ban Chinese automakers from the U.S. has been introduced by Senators Bernie Moreno (R-Ohio) and Elissa Slotkin (D-Mich.).
更有可能的途径是美国和中国汽车公司之间的合作。 "我认为许多中国汽车制造商的最终目标是在美国拥有独立的,全资组装业务和业务。,但他们'd愿意采取中间步骤,"戴尔说。
A more likely avenue is through collaborations between U.S. and Chinese car companies. "I think the end game for a lot of the Chinese automakers is to have their independent, wholly owned assembly operations and businesses in the U.S. eventually, but they'd be willing to take that intermediate step," Dyer said.
"传统汽车制造商了解这一威胁，其中很多现在都建立了合作伙伴关系," 咨询公司 AutoPerspectives 的创始人 Adam Bernard, 和通用汽车公司竞争对手情报前副总监, 表示，, 引用了 福特, 通用汽车 和 Stellantis 与中国汽车制造商的交易。
"Legacy automakers understand the threat and a lot of them now have partnerships," said Adam Bernard, founder of the consulting firm AutoPerspectives and a former associate director of competitor intelligence at General Motors, citing deals that Ford, GM and Stellantis have with Chinese automakers.
Ford — whose CEO Jim Farley has admitted that he enjoys driving a Xiaomi SU7 sedan — is reportedly in talks with China的 Zhejiang Geely Holding Group to create a European partnership and, according to The Wall Street Journal, "also appears to be opening the door to allowing Chinese cars in the U.S. at some点."
Ford — whose CEO Jim Farley has admitted that he enjoys driving a Xiaomi SU7 sedan — is reportedly in talks with China的 Zhejiang Geely Holding Group to create a European partnership and, according to The Wall Street Journal, "also appears to be opening the door to allowing Chinese cars in the U.S. at some point."
Meanwhile, Ford is pushing ahead with the development of its Universal Electric Vehicle, or UEV, platform, which will debut with a $30,000 midsize electric pickup truck, set to launch next year.汽车制造商的 2021 年推出的全电动 F-150 Lightning, 未能达到预期， 正在重新设计为混合动力。
Meanwhile, Ford is pushing ahead with the development of its Universal Electric Vehicle, or UEV, platform, which will debut with a $30,000 midsize electric pickup truck, set to launch next year. The automaker的 all-electric F-150 Lightning, introduced in 2021, failed to meet expectations and is being redesigned as a hybrid.
通用汽车进口了中国的 CATL生产的电动汽车电池，用于其雪佛兰Bolt EV,，该电池是在通用汽车的位于堪萨斯州堪萨斯城,费尔法克斯装配厂生产的。该公司还在科阿韦拉, 墨西哥, 运营着一家工厂，在那里生产多款品牌 EV,，包括 Equinox, Blazer 和凯迪拉克 Optiq。然而，这些车辆, 不受关税, 的影响，因为美国-墨西哥-加拿大协议, 允许在北美组装的车辆进行免税贸易。通用汽车及其在中国的长期合资企业, SAIC-GM-Wuling, 正在就开始在墨西哥生产内燃机汽车进行深入谈判。
GM imports EV battery cells made by China的 CATL for use in its Chevy Bolt EV, which is manufactured at GM的 Fairfax assembly plant in Kansas City, Kansas. The company also operates a facility in Coahuila, Mexico, where it builds several of its branded EVs, including the Equinox, Blazer and Cadillac Optiq. Those vehicles, however, are not subject to tariffs, due to the the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which allows for duty-free trade of vehicles assembled in North America. GM and its long-standing joint venture in China, SAIC-GM-Wuling, are in advanced negotiations to begin manufacturing ICE vehicles in Mexico.
GM and Ford did not respond to requests for comment.
伯纳德还指出，中国'的浙江吉利控股集团于2010年从福特手中收购了沃尔沃，随后推出了电动汽车品牌Polestar。两者均在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿, 附近的沃尔沃工厂生产，吉利希望扩大该工厂以生产更多电动汽车。 "我不'认为他们将该工厂适应其他一些吉利平台会是一个大问题,"伯纳德说。
Bernard also pointed out that China的 Zhejiang Geely Holding Group acquired Volvo from Ford in 2010 and later launched the EV brand Polestar. Both are produced at the Volvo factory near Charleston, South Carolina, which Geely is eying to expand to produce more EVs. "I don't think it would be a big problem for them to adapt that plant to some other Geely platforms," Bernard said.
主要候选者是吉利控股的另一个中国品牌 Zeekr,，Alphabet 旗下的 Waymo 将其用于旧金山的机器人出租车车队。
A prime candidate would be Zeekr, another Chinese brand Geely controls and that Alphabet-owned Waymo uses for its robotaxi fleet in San Francisco.
拜登政府制定的规则于 2026 年 3 月生效并覆盖了中国拥有大量股权的公司后，沃尔沃最近获得了美国政府的批准，可以继续销售使用中国开发和维护的软件, 的车辆。
Volvo recently received approval from the U.S. government to continue selling vehicles that use Chinese-developed and maintained software, after the rule put in place by the Biden administration took effect in March 2026 and covered companies with significant Chinese ownership.
中国电动汽车品牌向北美的进口已经在墨西哥和加拿大发生。
The importing of Chinese EV brands to North American is already happening in Mexico and Canada.
In Mexico, Chinese vehicles account for a quarter of total sales, yet that number may drop after Mexico imposed a 50% tariff earlier this year. Conversely, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney signed a deal in January permitting up to 49,000 Chinese-built EVs into the country annually at a 6.1% tariff rate.
Stellantis — which owns Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep and Ram, plus numerous European brands — is the largest shareholder of Zhejiang Leapmotor Technology Co., with a 21% stake, and a 51% majority owner of a joint venture with the Chinese automaker. During a recent news conference, Stellantis CEO Antonio Filosa said the company "for sure" sees opportunity in expanding its production and sale of vehicles with Leapmotor in Mexico and potentially Canada. "我相信墨西哥有空间。 … 加拿大也许有空间。他说，我们'会看到,"。
Stellantis — which owns Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep and Ram, plus numerous European brands — is the largest shareholder of Zhejiang Leapmotor Technology Co., with a 21% stake, and a 51% majority owner of a joint venture with the Chinese automaker. During a recent news conference, Stellantis CEO Antonio Filosa said the company "for sure" sees opportunity in expanding its production and sale of vehicles with Leapmotor in Mexico and potentially Canada. "I believe that there is space in Mexico. … There is maybe space in Canada. We'll see," he said.
Stellantis拒绝详细说明与零跑汽车的合作关系。
Stellantis declined to elaborate on its partnership with Leapmotor.
除了 Stellantis 与零跑汽车的合作, 之外，其他汽车制造商也正在制定在北美国家建设工厂的计划。在美国的压力下, 墨西哥放弃了 让比亚迪在其土地, 上建设工厂 的计划，但据报道，比亚迪和吉利是争夺在墨西哥购买日产–梅赛德斯-奔驰工厂的最终入围者。 4月,广州汽车集团有限公司宣布计划于今年下半年开始在那里组装汽车。
Beyond the Stellantis-Leapmotor collaboration, other automakers are pursuing plans to build facilities in North American countries. Under U.S. pressure, Mexico backed away from a plan to let BYD build a factory on its soil, but BYD and Geely are reportedly among finalists vying to purchase a Nissan–Mercedes-Benz plant in Mexico. In April, Guangzhou Automobile Group Co. announced plans to begin assembling vehicles there in the second half of this year.
比亚迪'的执行副总裁Stella Li今年3月表示，该公司正在考虑在加拿大建立一家全资工厂，并可能收购一家陷入困境的传统汽车制造商。 "我们'对我们拥有的每一个机会持开放态度,"李说,但没有提供任何具体细节。
BYD的 executive vice president Stella Li said in March that the company is considering building a wholly owned factory in Canada and possibly acquiring a struggling legacy automaker. "We're open to every opportunity we have," Li said, without offering any specifics.
特朗普'的贸易战和与加拿大的新协议,墨西哥迫在眉睫
Trump的 trade war and new deal with Canada, Mexico loom large
根据现有的北美贸易协定, USMCA,，在墨西哥或加拿大组装的车辆只有在其75%的内容—（例如电池,电机,电子产品和软件—）来自北美时才能享受优惠关税待遇。
Under the existing North American trade agreement, USMCA, a vehicle assembled in Mexico or Canada can enter the U.S. with preferential tariff treatment only if 75% of its contents — such as batteries, motors, electronics and software — are sourced in North America.
然而, 的数学可能变得更加复杂。 This week, the Trump administration proposed a new 10% tariff on Mexico, Canada and other countries over their alleged failure to address forced labor concerns.在此之前，最高法院在 2 月份, 裁定特朗普'"解放日" 关税非法。 Furthermore, U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer told CNBC this week that for any renewal of USMCA to take place — and he guaranteed there will be no "rubber stamp" renewal on July 1 — U.S. auto content requirements are a major sticking point.
That math, however, may have just become more complicated. This week, the Trump administration proposed a new 10% tariff on Mexico, Canada and other countries over their alleged failure to address forced labor concerns. This comes on the heels of the Supreme Court decision in February, ruling that Trump的 "Liberation Day" tariffs were illegal. Furthermore, U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer told CNBC this week that for any renewal of USMCA to take place — and he guaranteed there will be no "rubber stamp" renewal on July 1 — U.S. auto content requirements are a major sticking point.
特朗普政府不会同意任何不包括对汽车中必须在美国制造的特定成分百分比的新要求的新协议。虽然格里尔表示，《华尔街日报》最近报道称政府正在寻求高达 50% 的美国成分要求，但这是不准确的, 他表示，政府确实关注这个问题，并将在谈判中施压。如果美国在 USMCA 谈判中 没有得到它想要的, "，如果我们 无法获得更好的地位，这将使我们最终走上退出的道路," 他周二在华盛顿举行的 CNBC 首席执行官理事会峰会上对 CNBC的 梅根·卡塞拉表示,。
The Trump administration will agree to no new deal that does not include a new requirement for a specific percentage of content in cars that must be made in the U.S. While Greer said recent reporting by the Wall Street Journal that the administration is looking for a U.S. content requirement as high as 50% was inaccurate, he said it is true that the administration is focused on this issue and will be pressing it in talks. And if the U.S. doesn't get what it is looking for in the USMCA talks, "It will put us on a path to exit it eventually, if we aren't able to get into a better position," he told CNBC的 Megan Casella at the CNBC CEO Council Summit in Washington, D.C. on Tuesday.
尽管如此，来自比亚迪,吉利,长城和小鹏的,中国电动汽车正在美国和墨西哥边境出现。 They've been purchased at dealerships in Mexico — some models for under $20,000 — by Mexican citizens who, in compliance with U.S. rules, can commute back and forth to El Paso, San Diego and other border cities.美国法规, 然而, 使得此类车辆几乎不可能在美国注册。
Nonetheless, Chinese EVs from BYD, Geely, Great Wall and Xpeng are showing up along the U.S.-Mexico border. They've been purchased at dealerships in Mexico — some models for under $20,000 — by Mexican citizens who, in compliance with U.S. rules, can commute back and forth to El Paso, San Diego and other border cities. U.S. regulations, however, make it nearly impossible for such vehicles to be registered in the U.S.
尽管美国司机'很难购买中国电动汽车,，无论它在哪里制造,，但许多人声称对电动汽车感到好奇,，尤其是在今天'因伊朗战争而导致的天价汽油价格的情况下。 According to a recent Kelley Blue Book study, 38% of Americans say they would consider buying a Chinese vehicle if they had the choice. "Wedbush Securities 分析师 Dan Ives, 说，唯一阻止 [them] 的是向美国销售的限制。,"。
Even though it的 tough for American drivers to buy a Chinese EV, no matter where it的 built, many claim to be EV-curious, more so with today的 sky-high gas prices caused by the war in Iran. According to a recent Kelley Blue Book study, 38% of Americans say they would consider buying a Chinese vehicle if they had the choice. "The only thing stopping [them] are the restrictions of selling into the U.S.," said Dan Ives, an analyst at Wedbush Securities.
China struggled for decades to get its domestic auto industry off the ground, but its long-term strategy to dominate the global marketplace — as it has in solar, wind, battery and other clean-energy sectors — is coming to fruition. Today, China is the world的 leading auto manufacturer, with 100 or so companies producing an extensive range of fully electric, hybrid and internal-combustion engine vehicles.比亚迪超越了电动汽车先驱特斯拉 — ，后者于 2014 年开始向中国出口，并在上海建立了一座大型工厂 — ，成为第一大国际品牌。
China struggled for decades to get its domestic auto industry off the ground, but its long-term strategy to dominate the global marketplace — as it has in solar, wind, battery and other clean-energy sectors — is coming to fruition. Today, China is the world的 leading auto manufacturer, with 100 or so companies producing an extensive range of fully electric, hybrid and internal-combustion engine vehicles. BYD has eclipsed EV pioneer Tesla — which began exporting into China in 2014 and has since built a mega-factory in Shanghai — as the No. 1 international brand.
根据 IEA,，到 2025,，中国所有汽车销量的近 55% 是电动汽车,，中国汽车制造商占全球电动汽车销量的 60%。今年,中国预计将生产超过3400万辆汽车,，其中包括近1200万辆电动汽车车型。总产量的近 30% 将用于出口。
In 2025, nearly 55% of all car sales in China were EVs, according to the IEA, and Chinese automakers were responsible for 60% of global EV sales. This year, China is expected to produce more than 34 million vehicles, including nearly 12 million EV models. Almost 30% of the total output will be exported.
In April alone, China shipped out more EVs and plug-in hybrids than ICE vehicles for the first time ever, according to the China Passenger Car Association. That points to the growing need for Chinese automakers to look beyond the domestic market. Manufacturing overcapacity, intensifying domestic competition and the scaling back of government subsidies resulted in a 6.8% decline in EV and hybrid year-over-year sales in China in April, while overall vehicle sales fell 21.5% from a year earlier.
那么, 美国司机在不久的将来是否能够购买中国电动汽车? 是的, 汽车咨询公司Sino Auto Insights, 创始人涂乐, 表示。 "一旦加拿大人在未来 18 个月内开始购买, [，而] 我们的墨西哥邻居已经能够购买它们,，压力将显着增加," 他说。
So, will U.S. drivers be able to buy a Chinese EV sometime in the near future? Yes, said Tu Le, founder of Sino Auto Insights, an automotive consultancy firm. "Once Canadians start to buy them in the next 18 months, [while] our Mexican neighbors already are able to buy them, the pressure is going to increase significantly," he said.
Le 补充道，尽管美国政界人士正在设置法律障碍，将中国电动汽车拒之门外,，但他们还没有't 阐明任何提高我们国内汽车制造商竞争力的计划。 "这不可能't只是没有,永远不会,"他说。 "这最终将削弱美国汽车工业。它'会抬高消费者的价格,，因为我们的技术将比任何人在欧洲和中国可以购买的任何产品都要老两到三代。"
Le added that although U.S. politicians are setting up legal roadblocks to keep Chinese EVs out, they haven't articulated any plans to make our domestic automakers competitive. "It can't just be no, never," he said. "That will ultimately cripple the U.S. auto industry. It'll inflate pricing for consumers, because our technology is going to be two or three generations older than anything anyone can buy in Europe and in China."
邓恩有信心"到2030,我们将在美国道路上看到某种形式的中国汽车。他说，无论怎样,，他们'都会在,"找到自己的路。
Dunne is confident that "by 2030, we will see some form of Chinese cars on American roads. One way or another, they'll find their way in," he said.
大多数专家都认为电动汽车是全球汽车行业的未来，而中国将继续保持市场领导者的地位。这可能会导致美国汽车制造商与中国公司联手，作为保持相关性和竞争力的最可行方式。
Most experts concur that EVs are the future of the global auto industry and that China is poised to continue as the market leader. That may lead U.S. automakers to join forces with Chinese companies as the most viable way to stay relevant and competitive.
"我认为将会有一些公司想要单打独斗[或形成]合作伙伴关系和合资企业," Le说。 "如果我'm比亚迪,，我'就会成为焦点，因为我'm是一个中国品牌。所以, 如果我和福特或通用汽车一起来美国, 它应该会减轻一点压力，或者至少转移一些压力。"
"I think that there will be a combination of companies that want to go it alone [or form] partnerships and joint ventures," said Le. "If I'm BYD, there的 a spotlight on me because I'm a Chinese brand. So, if I come to the United States with Ford or GM, it should ease that pressure a little bit or at least deflect some of that pressure."
News Tips
收到机密新闻提示? 我们希望收到您的来信。
CNBC 时事通讯
CNBC Newsletters
注册免费时事通讯，将更多 CNBC 新闻发送到您的收件箱
将此信息发送到您的收件箱,，并获取有关我们产品和服务的更多信息。
与我们一起做广告
Advertise With Us
© 2026 Versant Media, LLC。版权所有。 Versant 媒体公司。
数据为实时快照 *数据至少有15分钟延迟。全球商业和金融新闻, 股票行情, 以及市场数据和分析。